Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende retrospektive Studie zeigt Langzeitergebnisse bei primärer Bandersatzplastik
des vorderen Kreuzbandes mit dem mittleren Patellasehnendrittel durchschnittlich fast
zehn Jahre nach erfolgter operativer Versorgung. Insgesamt konnten 39 Patienten mit
einem Durchschnittsalter von 37,1 Jahren über einen mittleren Zeitraum von 116,7 Monaten
nachuntersucht werden. Die Beurteilung der Kniegelenksstabilität erfolgte mittels
Lachmann- und Pivot-shift-Test und zeigte bei 79,5 % stabile Gelenkverhältnisse. Eine
zusätzliche Objektivierung durch eine KT-1000-Arthrometer-Messung erbrachte eine mittlere
Differenz im Seitenvergleich von 1,7 mm, bei 69,2 % der Gelenke betrug die Seitendifferenz
hierbei unter 2 mm. Die erhobenen klinischen Scorewerte zeigten exzellente Ergebnisse,
der mittlere Lysholm-Score lag bei 93,7, im Tegner-Activity-Score konnten 87,2 % der
Patienten ihr altes Leistungsniveau vor der Verletzung erreichen. Im IKDC-Score wurden
89,7 % der Gelenke als normal (A) oder fast normal (B) beurteilt. Die subjektive Patienteneinschätzung
zur Kniegelenksfunktion lag mit 94,9 % normal oder fast normal bewerteten Gelenken
noch darüber, was eine hohe subjektive Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem langfristigen
Operationsergebnis zum Ausdruck bringt. Die Progression der Osteoarthrose auf der
IKDC-Skala zeigte bei 23,1 % eine Zunahme radiologischer Arthrosezeichen, in 7,7 %
Zeichen einer fortgeschrittenen Osteoarthrose (Grad C). Die statistische Aufarbeitung
erbrachte hierbei eine signifikante Korrelation (p < 0.05) zwischen Progression der
Osteoarthrose und einer Seitendifferenz von mehr als 2 mm in der KT-1000-Arthrometer-Messung.
Die Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes mit einem autologen Transplantat des mittleren
Patellasehnendrittels erbringt gute bis sehr gute Resultate hinsichtlich Stabilität,
klinischer Funktion und subjektiver Patientenzufriedenheit. Ob die beobachtete Progression
radiologischer Arthrosezeichen in einem Teil der Gelenke im weiteren Verlauf zu einer
nachweislichen Verschlechterung der funktionellen klinischen Ergebnisse und Reduktion
der hohen subjektiven Zufriedenheit der Patienten führt, muss im Rahmen weiterer Verlaufsbeobachtungen
geklärt werden.
Abstract
The present study reveals long-term results in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
using bone-tendon-bone autograft of the mid third patellar ligament ten years after
surgical treatment. A total number of 39 patients with a mean age of 37.1 years was
followed for an average of 116.7 month. Stability of the knee was evaluated using
Lachmann and Pivot shift test, 79.5 % of the knees were stable. An additional KT-1000
arthrometer measurement showed a mean side-to-side difference of 1.7 mm, in 69.2 %
the difference was less than 2 mm. The evaluated knee score systems showed excellent
results, mean Lysholm score was at 93.7, in Tegner activity score 87.2 % of the patients
regained their pre-injury activity level. In IKDC grading 89.7 % of the knees were
rated normal (A) or nearly normal (B) and asked for a personal assessment of their
knee function 94.9 % of the patients rated A or B, expressing a high grade of satisfaction
with the long-term outcome of surgical treatment. The postoperative course of osteoarthritis
showed a deterioration on the IKDC scale in 23.1 %, in 7.7 % with signs of progressive
osteoarthritis of grade C. A high significant correlation (p < 0.01) was detected
for progression of osteoarthritis and laxity of reconstruction more than 2 mm in side-to-side
difference in the KT-1000 measurement. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
using a bone-tendon-bone autograft of the patellar ligament leads to excellent long-term
results in respect to joint stability, clinical function and subjective satisfaction
of patients. If progression of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in some of the
knees will lead to marked deterioration of clinical function and high level of patient's
satisfaction has to be subject to further clinical long-term trials.
Literatur
1
Aglietti P, Buzzi R, D'Andria S.
Patellofemoral problems after intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Clin Orthop.
1993;
288
195-204
2 Anderson A F.
Rating scales. Fu FH, Harner CD, Vince KG Knee surgery. Vol 1. Baltimore; Williams and Wilkins 1994:
275-296
3
Andersson C, Gillquist J.
Treatment of acute isolated and combined ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Am J Sports Med.
1992;
20
7-12
4
Bach B R, Tradonsky S, Bojchuk J, Levy M E, Bush-Joseph C A, Khan N H.
Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar
tendon autograft.
Am J Sports Med.
1998;
26
20-29
5
Buss D D, Warren R F, Wickiewicz T L, Galinat B J, Panariello R.
Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with use
of autogenous patellar-ligament grafts: results after twenty-four to forty-two months.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1993;
75
1346-1355
6
Charlton W P, Randolph D A, Lemos S, Shields C L.
Clinical outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadrupled hamstring
tendon graft and bioabsorbable interference screw fixation.
Am J Sports Med.
2003;
31
518-521
7
Daniel D M, Malcom L L, Losse G, Stone M L, Sachs R, Burks R.
Instrumented measurement of anterior laxity of the knee.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1985;
67
720-726
8
Daniel D M, Stone M L, Dobson M B, Fithian D C, Rossman D J, Kaufman K R.
Fate of ACL-injured patient. A prospective outcome study.
Am J Sports Med.
1994;
22
632-644
9
Eberhardt C, Kurth A H, Hailer N, Jäger A.
Revision ACL reconstruction using autogenous patellar tendon graft.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.
2000;
8
290-295
10
Egund N, Friden T.
Lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament and sagittal disalignment of the knee in
weight bearing.
Acta Radiol.
1988;
29
559-563
11
Fairbank T J.
Knee joint changes after meniscectomy.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1948;
30
664-670
12
Feller J A, Webster K E.
A randomized comparison of patellar tendon and hamstring tendon anterior cruciate
ligament reconstruction.
Am J Sports Med.
2003;
31
546-573
13
Ferretti A, Conteduca F, De Carli A, Fontana M, Mariani P P.
Osteoarthritis of the knee after ACL reconstruction.
Int Orthop (SICOT).
1991;
15
367-371
14
Frank C B, Jackson D W.
The science of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1997;
79
1556-1576
15
Freedmann K B, D'Amato M J, Nedeff D D, Kaz A, Bach B R.
Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a metaanalysis comparing patellar
tendon and hamstring tendon.
Am J Sports Med.
2003;
31
2-11
16
Friedman M J.
Arthroscopic semitendinosus (gracilis) reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament
deficiency.
Tech Orthop.
1988;
2
74-80
17
Galway R, Mc Intosh D L.
The lateral pivot-shift: A symptome and sign of anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.
Clin Orthop.
1980;
147
45-50
18 Gillquist J.
Knee stability: its effect on articular cartilage. Ewing JW Articular Cartilage and Knee Joint Function. New York; Raven Press 1990:
267-272
19
Holmes P F, James S L, Larson R L, Singer K M, Jones D C.
Retrospective direct comparison of three intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction.
Am J Sports Med.
1991;
19
596-599
20
Jakobsen K.
Osteoarthritis following insufficiency in the cruciate ligament in man.
Acta Orthop Scand.
1977;
48
520-526
21
Järvelä T, Nyyssönen M, Kannus P, Paakkala T, Järvinen M.
Bone-patellar tendon-bone reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Int Orthop (SICOT).
1999;
23
227-231
22
Jomha N M, Pinczewski L A, Clingeleffer A, Otto D D.
Arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with the patellar-tendon
autograft and interference screw fixation.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1999;
81
775-779
23
Levy I M, Torzilli P A, Warren R F.
The effect of medial meniscectomy on anterior-posterior motion of the knee.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1982;
64
883-888
24
Lynch M A, Henning C E, Glick K R.
Knee joint surface changes.
Clin Orthop.
1983;
172
148-153
25
Lysholm J, Gillquist J.
Evaluation of knee ligament surgery results with special emphasis on use of a scoring
scale.
Am J Sports Med.
1982;
10
150-154
26
Marcacci M, Zaffagnini S, Iacono F, Neri M P, Petitto A.
Early versus late reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament rupture, results after
five years of follow-up.
Am J Sports Med.
1995;
23
690-693
27
Marder R A, Raskind J R, Carroll M.
Prospective evaluation of arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:
patellar tendon versus semitendinosus and gracilis tendons.
Am J Sports Med.
1991;
19
478-484
28
Mc Daniels W J, Dameron Jr T B.
Untreated ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament: a follow-up study.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1980;
62
696-705
29
Mickelsen P L, Morgan S J, Johnson W A, Ferrari J D.
Patellar tendon rupture 3 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with
a central one third bone-patellar tendon-bone graft.
Arthroscopy.
2001;
17
648-652
30
Neyret P, Donell S T, Dejour H.
Results of partial meniscectomy related to the state of the anterior cruciate ligament.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1993;
75
36-40
31
Noyes F R, Barber-Westin S D.
A comparison of results in acute and chronic anterior cruciate ligament ruptures of
arthroscopically assisted autogenous patellar tendon reconstruction.
Am J Sports Med.
1997;
25
460-471
32
Noyes F R, Barber-Westin S D.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous patellar tendon graft in
patients with articular cartilage damage.
Am J Sports Med.
1997;
25
626-634
33
Ott S M, Ireland M L, Ballantyne B T, Willson J D, McClay Davis I S.
Comparison of outcomes between males and females after anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.
2003;
11
75-80
34
Papageorgiou C D, Kostopoulos V K, Moebius U G, Petropoulou K A, Georgoulis A D, Soucacos P N.
Patella fractures associated with medial-third bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft
ACL reconstruction.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.
2001;
9
151-154
35
Patel J V, Church J S, Hall A J.
Central third bone-patellar tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:
a 5-year follow-up.
Arthroscopy.
2000;
16
67-70
36
Pattee G A, Fox J M, Del Pizzo W, Friedman M J.
Four to ten year follow-up of unreconstructed anterior cruciate ligament tears.
Am J Sports Med.
1989;
17
430-435
37
Poulsen M, Fabrin J, Carstensen J P, Ulnits L, Lausten G S.
Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using bone-patellar tendon-bone graft
or fascia lata graft. A retrospective study of functional results.
Ugeskr Laeger.
2003;
165
682-685
38
Rangger C, Klestil T, Gloetzer W, Kemmler G, Benedetto K P.
Osteoarthrosis after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.
Am J Sports Med.
1995;
23
240-244
39
Roth J H, Kennedy J C, Lockstadt H, Mc Callum C L, Cunning L A.
Intra-articular reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with end without
extra-articular supplementation by transfer of the biceps femoris tendon.
J Bone Joint Surg.
1987;
69
275-278
40
Sachs R A, Daniel D M, Stone M L, Garfein R F.
Patellofemoral problems after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Am J Sports Med.
1989;
17
760-765
41
Sgaglione N A, Schwartz R E.
Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament: initial
clinical experience and minimal 2-year follow-up comparing endoscopic transtibial
and two-incision techniques.
Arthroscopy.
1997;
13
156-165
42
Shelbourne K D, Wilckens J H.
Intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the symptomatic arthritic
knee.
Am J Sports Med.
1993;
21
685-689
43
Sherman M F, Lieber L, Bonamono J R, Podesta L, Reiter I.
The long-term follow-up of primary anterior cruciate ligament repair.
Am J Sports Med.
1991;
19
243-255
44
Shirakura K, Terauchi M, Kizuki S, Moro S, Kimura M.
The natural history of untreated anterior cruciate ligament taers in recreational
athletes.
Clin Orthop.
1995;
317
227-236
45
Sommerlath K, Gillquist K.
The long-term course of various meniscal treatments in anterior cruciate ligament
deficient knees.
Clin Orthop.
1995;
317
227-236
46
Tegner Y, Lysholm J.
Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries.
Clin Orthop Rel Res.
1985;
198
43-49
47
Torg J S, Conrad W, Kalen V.
Clinical diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament instability in the athlete.
Am J Sports Med.
1976;
4
84-91
48
Vorlat P, Verdonk R, Arnauw G.
Long-term results of tendon allografts for anterior cruciate ligament replacement
in revision surgery and in cases of combined complex injuries.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc.
1999;
7
318-322
49
Williams R J, Hyman J, Petrigliano F, Rozental T, Wickiewicz T L.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a four-strand hamstring tendon autograft.
J Bone Joint Surg.
2004;
86
225-232
Dr. med. Christian Eberhardt
Orthopädische Universitäts- und Poliklinik Friedrichsheim
Marienburgstraße 2
60528 Frankfurt
Phone: 069/6705-0
Email: c.eberhardt@friedrichsheim.de